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Rudolf Olden (January 14, 1885 in Szczecin – September 18, 1940 in Atlantic Ocean)〔(FAZ - Der Mann, der Hitler früh durchschaute. )〕 was a German lawyer〔 and journalist.〔 In the Weimar-period〔〔 he was a well known voice in the political debate, a vocal opponent of the Nazis, a fierce advocate of human rights〔("The History Of Liberty In Germany" ), 1946, preface by Gilbert Murray.〕 and one of the first to alert the world to the treatment of Jews by the Nazis in 1934.〔Schwartzbuch ueber die lage der Juden"〕 He is the author of ''Hitler der Eroberer. Entlarvung einer Legende'' ("Hitler the Conqueror, Debunking of a Myth") which is considered part of the German exile literature. The book was promptly banned by the Nazis. Shortly after its publication by Querido in Amsterdam, Olden's citizenship was revoked and he emigrated, together with his wife, first to the United Kingdom and then, in 1940, to the United States. On September 18 both died in the U-boat attack on the SS ''City of Benares'' in the Atlantic.〔 ==World War I and the Interbellum== Rudolf Olden was born in Stettin (now Szczecin) as the son of the author Johann Oppenheim, (who changed his name to Hans Olden in 1891) and the actress Rosa Stein and the younger brother of the author Balder Olden. After completing his education, he chose a military career and joined the ''Leib-Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 24'' (a cavalry regiment) in Darmstadt. During World War I, he was first stationed in Belgium, but was transferred to the Eastern Front in 1915. Olden survived the war as a First Lieutenant. The war left a lasting impression and, once it had ended, Olden left the army and started as editor of the pacifistic periodical ''Der Friede'' ("Peace") in Vienna and ''Der Neue Tag''. In 1920 he married the psychoanalyst Marie-Christine Fournier (the daughter of the Viennese historian Professor August Fournier) and was soon absorbed into the circles of journalists and writers. After ''Der Neue Tag'' went bankrupt, he founded a magazine (''Er und Sie'', "He and She"), dedicated to ''Lebenskultur und Erotik'', which was soon at the center of a heated debate about public morals and common decency. In 1926 Olden was asked to come to Berlin by Theodor Wolff, publisher of the liberal ''Berliner Tageblatt'' newspaper, where he soon caused some uproar with his editorials. Olden soon became Editor in Chief and also wrote for other publications, such as ''Die Menschenrechte'' ("Human Rights"), ''Das Tage-Buch'' ("The Diary") and ''Die Weltbühne'' ("The Global Stage"). In the same year, Olden was admitted as a lawyer and for a number of years practiced law. In 1931 he was chosen to be a member of the managing board of the ''Deutsche Liga für Menschenrechte'' ("German league for Human Rights") and in the same year he defended Carl von Ossietzky, who was prosecuted for insulting the Reichswehr, because he allowed Kurt Tucholsky to coin the phrase ''Soldaten sind Mörder'' ("Soldiers are killers"). Olden's defense was successful and Von Ossietzky was acquitted. In 1933 Olden addressed the ''Schutzbund deutscher Schriftsteller'' ("protective union of German authors") and invited them to the congress ''Das Freie Wort'' ("the free word") in the ''Krolloper'' two days later. One thousand five hundred artists, authors, scientists and politicians accepted the invitation to protest against the increasing pressure on artistic, journalistic and academic freedoms. It was the last congress organized by the liberal, social democratic and communist parties until 1945. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rudolf Olden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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